Due to the development of science and technology and driving the trend, the development of digital technology is even more rapid, and information equipment is gradually becoming popular. According to Moore's Law (Moore's Law), the progress of its semiconductor manufacturing process can make the transistor capacity, that is, the computer instruction cycle, double every 1.5 to 2 years. Forgery technology is not only necessary for printing-related professionals to print Generally, amateur forgers can copy or produce forged documents only by relying on personal computers and scanning and printing tools. The cases of such forgery are gradually increasing, and the forgery technology is also becoming more sophisticated; therefore, the general public It is necessary to have a further understanding of the anti-counterfeiting function of banknotes and to improve the recognition. This article introduces the classification of anti-counterfeiting security features of banknotes, which can deepen the people's ability to identify banknotes, so as to prevent the circulation of forged banknotes and affect financial order.
The money counter and sorting machine have the function of identifying counterfeit money.
1. Falsified definition
According to Allister McCallum, Head of Anti-Counterfeiting Section of the European Central Bank, “The so-called real banknotes are banknotes that are legally authorized by the issuing authority to be printed and issued.” In addition, “counterfeit banknotes are similar in appearance to banknotes and have not been issued. "Products authorized by the authorities to be legally printed", so even if the banknotes are very similar to real banknotes (such as super dollar bills, etc.), banknotes that are not authorized by the issuing authority can be regarded as counterfeit banknotes, because a large number of counterfeit banknotes will affect the country’s finances. Order and confidence of the people in using banknotes. Therefore, all countries are committed to reducing the occurrence of counterfeit banknotes and strengthening the people's ability to identify, so that counterfeit banknotes are invisible, and they will be immediately detected as long as they are used out of the market. Take the Bank of England as an example. It is committed to building people’s confidence in using banknotes, constantly monitoring and detecting counterfeit banknotes in the market, and removing counterfeit banknotes from the circulation market as much as possible. Most of the counterfeit banknotes are published to distinguish the counterfeit banknotes from the real banknotes. Some of the counterfeit banknotes found by the general public or retailers in the circulation market are handed over to the police or banks for processing. There were 430,000 counterfeit banknotes in the UK in 2014, with a face value of over 8 million pounds, which has been reduced by 38% compared to 2013 (see Table 1). The proportion of counterfeit banknotes has decreased; £20 has the most issuance and the most counterfeit banknotes. It accounted for about 90% in 2010 and 74% in 2014 (Figure 1). This phenomenon can be inferred that its denomination value of £20 is equivalent to NT$1,000. The situation is similar to the situation where the denomination with the largest number of counterfeit banknotes is NT$1,000. Figure 2 shows the statistics on the number of counterfeit denominations in the United Kingdom.
2. Falsified motives
The motivation for making counterfeit banknotes is related to three factors: the value of the banknotes, the number of banknotes issued, and the pattern of forged criminal behavior; for example, counterfeiters tend to be interested in high-value or high-denomination banknotes. In addition, the greater the number of denominations issued, the more counterfeit banknotes of that denomination. For example, as mentioned above, the circulation of £20 is the largest, while the circulation of £50 is less. Therefore, the holders will be more careful and pay attention to the issue. For denominations of banknotes, for example, when the public receives NT$2,000, the public will pay special attention to it and identify the authenticity, so that counterfeiters are less willing to forge or imitate. In addition, different types of crimes will have different forms of forgery.Professional forgers are mainly mass-produced lithographic printing and partial processing, while random forgers are mostly copied and forged with equipment available at hand. , Such as counterfeiting with computers and printers.
3. Counterfeit appearance
The banknotes of various countries in the world may or have been forged, and most of the counterfeit banknotes are still immature and easy to be detected. However, since the holders rarely pay attention to the difference between authenticity and counterfeit, the counterfeiters use the public to check the banknotes. The weak points of the coupons are not clear, and they can still be circulated on the market smoothly and used successfully without even having to make high-quality counterfeit banknotes with inadequate techniques. The most primitive method of counterfeiting banknotes is to hand-paint the counterfeit banknotes or alter the real banknotes to increase the denomination, which is profitable for the counterfeiters.
However, in recent years, due to the development of copy technology, the methods of forging banknotes have also been greatly improved.In addition to professional criminal groups, counterfeiters still include some casual criminals, using high-resolution digital copying equipment and post-processing methods. , Making forgery cases emerge in endlessly, relying on the three major categories of political forgery, organizational forgery, and personal forgery. The forgery methods are as shown in Figure 3. The various forgery methods are briefly described as follows:
Counterfeit banknotes can be divided into commercial lithography machines, laser toners and inkjets for counterfeiting.According to the statistics of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the majority of counterfeit banknotes from 2005 to 2013 were digital output methods, of which inkjet methods accounted for the majority , The number of commercial lithography machines is the least, which is related to the ease of obtaining the equipment. The details are shown in Table 2. This phenomenon is also similar to the proportion of counterfeit banknotes seized and sent for identification in my country and copied by color digital output.
Various forgery patterns and techniques have evolved with the development of the times and technology, from personal manual methods to inkjet laser output methods. At present, inkjet forgery cases are the most common, and color photocopying forgery cases are decreasing year by year. . Recently, due to the advancement and development of computer technology, the opportunity and ability to randomly alter counterfeit banknotes has increased. In addition to preventing the forgery of criminal organizations, banknotes must be designed to have the possibility of forgery and security features to prevent general random crimes. Therefore, the Central Bank The Counterfeit Deterrence System (CDS) developed by the Central Bank Counterfeit Deterrence Group (CBCDG) has been actively adopted by many major hardware and software manufacturers to prevent the use of personal computers, digital imaging equipment and software to counterfeit banknotes. It can prevent personal computers and digital imaging tools from acquiring or copying protected banknote images and other security features that prevent color photocopying and scanning, such as SCMARK that has been used in many countries; in addition, the difficulty and ease of making security documents should be increased. To develop in the direction of identification, you can use refractive color changing ink, light and shadow changing foil film, wide security thread, or multi-color or color fluorescent ink or phosphorescent ink printing.
